Thursday and Friday October 30th & 31st, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Turn in your FINDS Research Model today


Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:
Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)
ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!
Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.
Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.
Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.
Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.
December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Suppose a squirrel is behind the trunk of a tree, which,it keeps between itself and a hunter who is circling the tree. In this case does the hunter actually walk around the squirrel? Explain why or why not.

Now Playing During Lunch

The Making of the Periodic Table Part 2: How to use the tableChemical and physical properties Beginners.

Today's Class:

Students finished work on their cereal atoms Periods 1,2,3,4,5 after receiving a few notes on the periodic table.

Period 6 received their notes on the periodic table

The Anatomy of the Periodic Table

As you are probably well aware, in the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The 18 vertical columns of the table are called groups or families, while the seven horizontal rows are called periods and correspond to the seven principal quantum energy levels, n = 1 through n = 7.

On the right side of the periodic table is a dividing line resembling a staircase. To the left of the staircase lie the metals, and to the right of the staircase lie the nonmetals. Many of the elements that touch the staircase are called metalloids, and these exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties. Study the diagram below and memorize the names of the different types of elements, because you will definitely see questions about these groupings on the test!

Metals are malleable, ductile, and have luster; most of the elements on the periodic table are metals. They oxidize (rust and tarnish) readily and form positive ions (cations). They are excellent conductors of both heat and electricity. The metals can be broken down into several groups.

Transition metals (also called the transition elements) are known for their ability to refract light as a result of their unpaired electrons. They also have several possible oxidation states. Ionic solutions of these metals are usually colored, so these metals are often used in pigments.

The actinides and lanthanides are collectively called the rare earth elements and are filling the f orbitals. They are rarely found in nature.

Uranium is the last naturally occurring element; the rest are man-made.

Nonmetals lie to the right of the staircase and do not conduct electricity well because they do not have free electrons. All the elemental gases are included in the nonmetals. Notice that hydrogen is placed with the metals because it has only one valence electron, but it is a nonmetal.

Here are some specific families you should know about, within the three main groups (metals, nonmetals, and metalloids):

Alkali metals (1A)—The most reactive metal family, these must be stored under oil because they react violently with water! They dissolve and create an alkaline, or basic, solution, hence their name.

Alkaline earth metals (2A)—These also are reactive metals, but they don’t explode in water; pastes of these are used in batteries.

Halogens (7A)—Known as the “salt formers,” they are used in modern lighting and always exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental form.

Noble gases (8A)—Known for their extremely slow reactivity, these were once thought to never react; neon, one of the noble gases, is used to make bright signs.
Students finished creating a three dimensional model of the element they were assigned.
This is Chapter nine in our textbooks.

Here is a link to my Power Point so students have the notes! The Periodic Table

Today's homework:

Periods 1,2,5 & 6 Are to read Chapter 9 section three and prepare for discussion or to ask questions.
Periods 3, & 4 Should complete
The worksheet: Atomic Basics.The Atom and electron levels. is for the Advanced classes. This will be due Wednesday of this week, completed. (Information can be found in chapters 8 & 9 in our book.)

Class in Action

Need 2 Know

This is a new section I have added to our blog that covers the information in the Sciencesaurus resource from our classroom. It has all of the Need to know information for class. (Consider it the condensed version of Physical Science)

Free Resource!

Can you place the mystery elements in their right locations on the Periodic Table? Game

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 9 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 9 beginning on page 336.

Tuesday October 28th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Turn in Chapter 9, Section 2 today for one letter grade less than had it been on time. (Periods 1,2,5,6)
I am no longer accepting Chapter 9 section one. (Periods 1,2,5,6)

Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:
Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)
ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!
Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.
Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.
Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.
Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.
December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

King Henry the VIII gave his wife a bottomless container to put flesh and blood in. What did he give her?

Now Playing During Lunch

The Making of the Periodic Table Part 2: How to use the table

Today's Class:

Students worked on their cereal atoms Periods 1,2,3,4,5

Period 6 finished their 2 column notes on the periodic table and worked on Chapter 9 section 3 questions in class.

The Anatomy of the Periodic Table

As you are probably well aware, in the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The 18 vertical columns of the table are called groups or families, while the seven horizontal rows are called periods and correspond to the seven principal quantum energy levels, n = 1 through n = 7.

On the right side of the periodic table is a dividing line resembling a staircase. To the left of the staircase lie the metals, and to the right of the staircase lie the nonmetals. Many of the elements that touch the staircase are called metalloids, and these exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties. Study the diagram below and memorize the names of the different types of elements, because you will definitely see questions about these groupings on the test!

Metals are malleable, ductile, and have luster; most of the elements on the periodic table are metals. They oxidize (rust and tarnish) readily and form positive ions (cations). They are excellent conductors of both heat and electricity. The metals can be broken down into several groups.

Transition metals (also called the transition elements) are known for their ability to refract light as a result of their unpaired electrons. They also have several possible oxidation states. Ionic solutions of these metals are usually colored, so these metals are often used in pigments.

The actinides and lanthanides are collectively called the rare earth elements and are filling the f orbitals. They are rarely found in nature.

Uranium is the last naturally occurring element; the rest are man-made.

Nonmetals lie to the right of the staircase and do not conduct electricity well because they do not have free electrons. All the elemental gases are included in the nonmetals. Notice that hydrogen is placed with the metals because it has only one valence electron, but it is a nonmetal.

Here are some specific families you should know about, within the three main groups (metals, nonmetals, and metalloids):

Alkali metals (1A)—The most reactive metal family, these must be stored under oil because they react violently with water! They dissolve and create an alkaline, or basic, solution, hence their name.

Alkaline earth metals (2A)—These also are reactive metals, but they don’t explode in water; pastes of these are used in batteries.

Halogens (7A)—Known as the “salt formers,” they are used in modern lighting and always exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental form.

Noble gases (8A)—Known for their extremely slow reactivity, these were once thought to never react; neon, one of the noble gases, is used to make bright signs.
Students began creating a three dimensional model of the element they were assigned.
This is Chapter nine in our textbooks.

Here is a link to my Power Point so students have the notes! The Periodic Table

Today's homework:

Periods 1,2,5 & 6 Are to read Chapter 9 section three and prepare for discussion or to ask questions.
Periods 3, & 4 Should complete
The worksheet: Atomic Basics.The Atom and electron levels. is for the Advanced classes. This will be due Wednesday of this week, completed. (Information can be found in chapters 8 & 9 in our book.)

Class in Action

Need 2 Know

This is a new section I have added to our blog that covers the information in the Sciencesaurus resource from our classroom. It has all of the Need to know information for class. (Consider it the condensed version of Physical Science)

Free Resource!

Can you place the mystery elements in their right locations on the Periodic Table? Game

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 9 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 9 beginning on page 336.

Monday October 27th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Turn in Chapter 9, Section 2 today. (Periods 1,2,5,6)
If you did not turn in Chapter 9 section one yesterday turn it in today for TWO letter grades lower than you would have earned. (Periods 1,2,5,6)



Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:
Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)
ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!
Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.
Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.
Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.
Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.
December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

A high speed electric train is travelling southeast at 90 KPH (kilometers per hour). The wind is blowing westward at 30 KPH. In which direction will the smoke from the engine blow?

Now Playing During Lunch

The Making of the Periodic Table Part 2: How to use the table

Today's Class:

I briefly spoke about the different sections on the Periodic table and what each represents.

The Anatomy of the Periodic Table

As you are probably well aware, in the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The 18 vertical columns of the table are called groups or families, while the seven horizontal rows are called periods and correspond to the seven principal quantum energy levels, n = 1 through n = 7.

On the right side of the periodic table is a dividing line resembling a staircase. To the left of the staircase lie the metals, and to the right of the staircase lie the nonmetals. Many of the elements that touch the staircase are called metalloids, and these exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties. Study the diagram below and memorize the names of the different types of elements, because you will definitely see questions about these groupings on the test!

Metals are malleable, ductile, and have luster; most of the elements on the periodic table are metals. They oxidize (rust and tarnish) readily and form positive ions (cations). They are excellent conductors of both heat and electricity. The metals can be broken down into several groups.

Transition metals (also called the transition elements) are known for their ability to refract light as a result of their unpaired electrons. They also have several possible oxidation states. Ionic solutions of these metals are usually colored, so these metals are often used in pigments.

The actinides and lanthanides are collectively called the rare earth elements and are filling the f orbitals. They are rarely found in nature.

Uranium is the last naturally occurring element; the rest are man-made.

Nonmetals lie to the right of the staircase and do not conduct electricity well because they do not have free electrons. All the elemental gases are included in the nonmetals. Notice that hydrogen is placed with the metals because it has only one valence electron, but it is a nonmetal.

Here are some specific families you should know about, within the three main groups (metals, nonmetals, and metalloids):

Alkali metals (1A)—The most reactive metal family, these must be stored under oil because they react violently with water! They dissolve and create an alkaline, or basic, solution, hence their name.

Alkaline earth metals (2A)—These also are reactive metals, but they don’t explode in water; pastes of these are used in batteries.

Halogens (7A)—Known as the “salt formers,” they are used in modern lighting and always exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental form.

Noble gases (8A)—Known for their extremely slow reactivity, these were once thought to never react; neon, one of the noble gases, is used to make bright signs.
Students began creating a three dimensional model of the element they were assigned.
This is Chapter nine in our textbooks.


The worksheet: Atomic Basics.The Atom and electron levels. is for the Advanced classes. This will be due Wednesday of this week, completed. (Information can be found in chapters 8 & 9 in our book.


Here is a link to my Power Point so students have the notes! The Periodic Table

Today's homework:

Periods 1,2,5 & 6 Are to read Chapter 9 section three and prepare for discussion or to ask questions.
Periods 3, & 4 Should complete
The atom and Electron Levels. Due Monday

Class in Action

Congratulations to our cross country team!

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 9 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 9 beginning on page 336.

Wednesday & Thursday October 22nd & 23rd, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Turn in your white General layout for a scientific experiment design sheet today. (Test grade).
If you did not turn in Chapter 9 section one yesterday turn it in today for one letter grade lower than you would have earned. (Periods 1,2,5,6)



Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:
Week ending October 17th, 2014: Students should now have an idea how to conduct their experiment and what research needs to be done.
Week Ending October 24th, 2014: Wednesday of this week students should have completed to turn in the completed General scientific experiment sheet. General layout for a scientific experiment template. Hypothesis should be in the If/Then format.
Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)
ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!
Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.
Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.
Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.
Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.
December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Kasey drove into the Speed It Quick Service Station and pulled up to the pumps. "Fill it up Please." said Kasey. "This may sound strange, "said the station owner, "but I'd rather fill two cars from out of town than one car from this town."Kasey looked across the small town and replied, "I know what you mean!' Why would the owner feel this way?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of the Periodic Table.
The Making of the Periodic Table Part 2: How to use the table

Today's Class:

Students took their Atomic Theory quiz today.

I finished my lecture over the periodic table and then answered questions about the atomic worksheet that I then collected.
Students chose an element from the periodic table and began creating a three dimensional model of the element they chose.
This is Chapter nine in our textbooks. We finished going over the worksheet The Atom. I will collect the rest of this packet. It should be completed.


The worksheet: Atomic Basics.The Atom and electron levels. is for the Advanced classes. This will be due Monday of next week, completed. (Information can be found in chapters 8 & 9 in our book.


Here is a link to my Power Point so students have the notes! The Periodic Table

Today's homework:

Periods 1,2,5 & 6 Are to read Chapter 9 section two and answer all of the in reading questions and reading checks as well as side bar questions. They should complete the try it section and the section review and turn it in on Monday of next week. Do the work right on the pages and tear them out and return to me by placing them in the homework baskets. Review pages 339- 347. Read the rest of the chapter and prepare for discussion or to ask questions.
Periods 3, & 4 Should complete
The atom and Electron Levels. Due Monday


Watch these two videos on matter.

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 9 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 9 beginning on page 336.

For Wednesdays and Thursdays quiz know the following:
Democritus- 400BCE First idea of a small uncuttable particle called Atomos. No scientific evidence, simply though
Aristotle- 400BCE Did not believe in atoms, but said there were 5 basic elements, Air, Earth, Fire, Water, and Aether that made up everything. No scientific evidence, just thoughts. This was our model of the atom for over 2000 years!
John Dalton- 1800's School teacher who studied gases came up with 5 ideas (supported Democritus'ideas). He is the Father of the Atomic Theory 1. All matter is composed of atoms. 2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. 3. All atoms of the same element are identical.(different types of elements have different types of atoms) 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are rearranged. 5. Compounds are formed by the combinations of two or more different kinds of atoms. first person to use the scientific method to prove his ideas.
J.J Thompson- 1901 English Scientist who worked with the Cathode ray tube. Atoms CAN BE divided. Named the electron- a negatively charged particle in an atom. His model is called the plum pudding model and his atom was a hard sphere that was mostly positive, but had the electrons embedded in this positive stuff. Electrons can't move.
Earnest Rutherford-Late 1800's Friend of Thompson and was trying to prove Thompson's model of the atom. Used the Gold Foil experiment where he fired alpha particles (+) at a piece of gold foil with a detector scree set up around it. He expected the beam to pass right through the foil (because Thompson's model said the atom was mostly positively charged). Instead the alpha particles were deflected at strange angles. Rutherford discovered and named the proton (a large + mass at the center of the atom), and realized the atom is mostly empty space.
Bohr- 1920's Responsible for moving us to the modern model of the atom (The Bohr model) Said, electrons(-) can only exist on very defined energy levels he call shells/ orbitals. Electrons cannot exist between shells, but CAN be moved up to another level by giving an electron (-) a very small amount of energy he called a quantum
DeBroglie- 1920's. Said electrons(-) and other forms of energy can be either particles OR waves and we should think of them as waves. We can think of an electrons energy better by looking at it's wavelength instead of the quanta it has.
Heisenberg- 1920's Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which states you can't know both the speed and position of an electron but you can know one or the other.
Schrodinger- 1930's. Described the wave equation that unified several theories and said that we cannot pinpoint any electron within an atom but that electrons could be found in very distinct areas of probability within what he called the electron cloud. Father of the Electron cloud model of the atom. Gave us Schrodinger's Cat postulate that says atoms exist in a state of superposition until our observation forces nature into a course of action.
James Chadwick- 1930's. Discovered the neutron. A large particle with no charge at the center of an atom that stays near the protons and eeps them from bumping into each other.

Quiz on Atomic Theory

Atomic Theory quiz

1. Democritus- 

2. Aristotle- 

3. John Dalton- 

4. J.J Thompson- 

5. Earnest Rutherford-

6. Bohr- 

7. DeBroglie- 

8. Heisenberg-

9. Schrodinger- 

10. James Chadwick-

11. Draw and correctly label a Bohr model of the atom. Show Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Electron Shells.(10pts)

Tuesday October 21st, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Wednesday of this week students MUST turn in the General design for experimental Design worksheet for their science fair project.

Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:

Week ending October 17th, 2014: Students should now have an idea how to conduct their experiment and what research needs to be done.

Week Ending October 24th, 2014: Wednesday of this week students should have completed to turn in the completed General scientific experiment sheet. General layout for a scientific experiment template. Hypothesis should be in the If/Then format.

Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)

ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!

Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.

Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.

Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.

Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.

December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Dee Septor, the famous magician, announced that without the aid of any equipment, or assistance, he would walk on the surface of Grass Lake. The following Sunday the crowd came out and witnessed Dee Septor do exactly as he promised. How could he manage this feat without the aid of any special equipment?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of the Periodic Table.

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).The Making of the Periodic Table

Today's Class:

We've finished up our discussion of scientists and how our current idea of the atom came to be the way it is. Check out the PM update tonight for a review of those guys and their discoveries. Today we began looking at the periodic table. This is Chapter nine in our textbooks. We began going over the worksheet The Atom. By the end of the period today, I will collect the first page of this packet. It should be competed front and back.

The worksheet: Atomic Basics. Is for the Advanced classes. It will be used as we begin our discussion today. It is expected that students will read through the section on the Periodic table (Chapter 9) in their book and use the notes I gave them to complete the sheets.

If laptops are available we will visit this site and learn a little bit about how atoms are constructed. Build an Atom

Here is a link to my Power Point so students have the notes! The Periodic Table

Today's homework:

Periods 1,2,5 & 6 Are to read Chapter 9 section one and completed the section review Which will be due Tuesday when class begins. Do the work right on the pages and tear them out and return to me by placing them in the homework baskets. Read pages 339- 347 and do the reading checks as well as the Foldable listed on page 343. Do the Try it activity on page 347.

Periods 3, & 4 Should complete Atomic Basics (All classes)

The Atom and the Periodic Table.(Advanced classes only)

Watch these two videos on matter.

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).The Making of the Periodic Table

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

The Adopt an Atom project that was listed in the blog Monday of this week is postponed! We are not to the point in class where we are ready to begin this yet. STAY TUNED!

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 8 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 8 beginning on page 306.

For Wednesdays and Thursdays quiz know the following:

Democritus- 400BCE First idea of a small uncuttable particle called Atomos. No scientific evidence, simply though

Aristotle- 400BCE Did not believe in atoms, but said there were 5 basic elements, Air, Earth, Fire, Water, and Aether that made up everything. No scientific evidence, just thoughts. This was our model of the atom for over 2000 years!

John Dalton- 1800's School teacher who studied gases came up with 5 ideas (supported Democritus'ideas). He is the Father of the Atomic Theory 1. All matter is composed of atoms. 2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. 3. All atoms of the same element are identical.(different types of elements have different types of atoms) 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are rearranged. 5. Compounds are formed by the combinations of two or more different kinds of atoms. first person to use the scientific method to prove his ideas.

J.J Thompson- 1901 English Scientist who worked with the Cathode ray tube. Atoms CAN BE divided. Named the electron- a negatively charged particle in an atom. His model is called the plum pudding model and his atom was a hard sphere that was mostly positive, but had the electrons embedded in this positive stuff. Electrons can't move.

Earnest Rutherford-Late 1800's Friend of Thompson and was trying to prove Thompson's model of the atom. Used the Gold Foil experiment where he fired alpha particles (+) at a piece of gold foil with a detector scree set up around it. He expected the beam to pass right through the foil (because Thompson's model said the atom was mostly positively charged). Instead the alpha particles were deflected at strange angles. Rutherford discovered and named the proton (a large + mass at the center of the atom), and realized the atom is mostly empty space.

Bohr- 1920's Responsible for moving us to the modern model of the atom (The Bohr model) Said, electrons(-) can only exist on very defined energy levels he call shells/ orbitals. Electrons cannot exist between shells, but CAN be moved up to another level by giving an electron (-) a very small amount of energy he called a quantum

DeBroglie- 1920's. Said electrons(-) and other forms of energy can be either particles OR waves and we should think of them as waves. We can think of an electrons energy better by looking at it's wavelength instead of the quanta it has.

Heisenberg- 1920's Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which states you can't know both the speed and position of an electron but you can know one or the other.

Schrodinger- 1930's. Described the wave equation that unified several theories and said that we cannot pinpoint any electron within an atom but that electrons could be found in very distinct areas of probability within what he called the electron cloud. Father of the Electron cloud model of the atom. Gave us Schrodinger's Cat postulate that says atoms exist in a state of superposition until our observation forces nature into a course of action.

James Chadwick- 1930's. Discovered the neutron. A large particle with no charge at the center of an atom that stays near the protons and eeps them from bumping into each other.

Monday October 20, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Wednesday of this week students MUST turn in the General design for experimental Design worksheet for their science fair project.

Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:

Week ending October 17th, 2014: Students should now have an idea how to conduct their experiment and what research needs to be done.

Week Ending October 24th, 2014: Wednesday of this week students should have completed to turn in the completed General scientific experiment sheet. General layout for a scientific experiment template. Hypothesis should be in the If/Then format.

Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)

ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!

Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.

Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.

Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.

Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.

December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

A six foot tall traveler set out on a journey and stopped only when he had returned to his starting point. During that journey, his head traveled 36 feet further that his feet, yet his feet remained attached to his body. What is the explanation for this?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).The Making of the Periodic Table

Today's Class:

We've finished up our discussion of scientists and how our current idea of the atom came to be the way it is. Check out the PM update tonight for a review of those guys and their discoveries. Today we began looking at the periodic table. This is Chapter nine in our textbooks. We began going over the worksheet The Atom. By the end of the period today, I will collect the first page of this packet. It should be competed front and back.

The worksheet: Atomic Basics. Is for the Advanced classes. It will be used as we begin our discussion today. It is expected that students will read through the section on the Periodic table (Chapter 9) in their book and use the notes I gave them to complete the sheets.

If laptops are available we will visit this site and learn a little bit about how atoms are constructed. Build an Atom

Here is a link to my Power Point so students have the notes! The Periodic Table

Today's homework:

Periods 1,2,5 & 6 Are to read Chapter 9 section one and completed the section review Which will be due Tuesday when class begins. Do the work right on the pages and tear them out and return to me by placing them in the homework baskets. Read pages 339- 347 and do the reading checks as well as the Foldable listed on page 343. Do the Try it activity on page 347.

Periods 3, & 4 Should complete Atomic Basics (All classes)

The Atom and the Periodic Table.(Advanced classes only)

Watch these two videos on matter.

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).The Making of the Periodic Table

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 8 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 8 beginning on page 306.

For Wednesdays and Thursdays quiz know the following:

Democritus- 400BCE First idea of a small uncuttable particle called Atomos. No scientific evidence, simply though

Aristotle- 400BCE Did not believe in atoms, but said there were 5 basic elements, Air, Earth, Fire, Water, and Aether that made up everything. No scientific evidence, just thoughts. This was our model of the atom for over 2000 years!

John Dalton- 1800's School teacher who studied gases came up with 5 ideas (supported Democritus'ideas). He is the Father of the Atomic Theory 1. All matter is composed of atoms. 2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. 3. All atoms of the same element are identical.(different types of elements have different types of atoms) 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are rearranged. 5. Compounds are formed by the combinations of two or more different kinds of atoms. first person to use the scientific method to prove his ideas.

J.J Thompson- 1901 English Scientist who worked with the Cathode ray tube. Atoms CAN BE divided. Named the electron- a negatively charged particle in an atom. His model is called the plum pudding model and his atom was a hard sphere that was mostly positive, but had the electrons embedded in this positive stuff. Electrons can't move.

Earnest Rutherford-Late 1800's Friend of Thompson and was trying to prove Thompson's model of the atom. Used the Gold Foil experiment where he fired alpha particles (+) at a piece of gold foil with a detector scree set up around it. He expected the beam to pass right through the foil (because Thompson's model said the atom was mostly positively charged). Instead the alpha particles were deflected at strange angles. Rutherford discovered and named the proton (a large + mass at the center of the atom), and realized the atom is mostly empty space.

Bohr- 1920's Responsible for moving us to the modern model of the atom (The Bohr model) Said, electrons(-) can only exist on very defined energy levels he call shells/ orbitals. Electrons cannot exist between shells, but CAN be moved up to another level by giving an electron (-) a very small amount of energy he called a quantum

DeBroglie- 1920's. Said electrons(-) and other forms of energy can be either particles OR waves and we should think of them as waves. We can think of an electrons energy better by looking at it's wavelength instead of the quanta it has.

Heisenberg- 1920's Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which states you can't know both the speed and position of an electron but you can know one or the other.

Schrodinger- 1930's. Described the wave equation that unified several theories and said that we cannot pinpoint any electron within an atom but that electrons could be found in very distinct areas of probability within what he called the electron cloud. Father of the Electron cloud model of the atom. Gave us Schrodinger's Cat postulate that says atoms exist in a state of superposition until our observation forces nature into a course of action.

James Chadwick- 1930's. Discovered the neutron. A large particle with no charge at the center of an atom that stays near the protons and eeps them from bumping into each other.

Thursday and Friday October 16th & 17th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:

Week ending October 17th, 2014: Students should now have an idea how to conduct their experiment and what research needs to be done.

Week Ending October 24th, 2014: Wednesday of this week students should have completed to turn in the completed General scientific experiment sheet. General layout for a scientific experiment template. Hypothesis should be in the If/Then format.

Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)

ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!

Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.

Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.

Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.

Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.

December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

"Therein lies the secret, "said Scheming Suzie. "For you see, there is a seven letter word in the English language that contains eight words without rearranging any of its letters." What is this word?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).

Today's Class:

Today's classes continued their notes on the properties of matter and we began our study of the atom. We began building our atoms today as we moved ito discussion over the Periodic table of elements and continued properties of matter I handed out this study guide: The Atom. It is expected that students will fill it out while we are taking notes so they may study from it.

The worksheet: Atomic Basics. is due today. It is expected that students should have completed the first page only. I checked it off and returned the sheets immediately so that they may continue working. The remaining pages will be due Wednesday of next week. It is expected that students will read through the section on the Periodic table (Chapter 9) in their book and use the notes I gave them to complete the sheets. .

Lecture on Properties of matter using Properties of matter Power Point 1. And Properties of Matter 2. Students should view the power points and write the answers to the questions in presentation 2 into their COWS.

Today's homework:

Atomic Basics (All classes)

The Atom and the Periodic Table.(Advanced classes only)

Watch these two videos on matter.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

The Adopt an Atom project that was listed in the blog Monday of this week is postponed! We are not to the point in class where we are ready to begin this yet. STAY TUNED!

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 8 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 8 beginning on page 306.

Wednesday October 15th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Science Fair Schedule of deadlines:

Week ending October 17th, 2014: Students should now have an idea how to conduct their experiment and what research needs to be done.

Week Ending October 24th, 2014: Wednesday of this week students should have completed to turn in the completed General scientific experiment sheet. General layout for a scientific experiment template. Hypothesis should be in the If/Then format.

Week ending October 31st, 2014 (Thursday and Friday) Students should have their background research completed and in rough draft form WITHOUT the conclusion. Turn in for review. This written paper should include all background information on their chosen idea and subject and include; why this project interests them and what they hope to find out through their experiment. It should incorporate ALL of their source materials properly cited using quotation styles within the document... EXAMPLE... (Allison, 2014) . It should thoroughly explain their preparations, materials used, procedures and discuss what they think their hypothesis will show. Discussion should include how this will benefit the future and what the next steps they will take in the process. Final draft will be about 2500 words, 12 point Times New Roman font, double spaced. There will be a Title page, Abstract, and Works Cited page created in Easybib. (MLA style)

ALL STUDENTS SHOULD BEGIN THEIR EXPERIMENTS NOW!

Week ending November 7th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student should have their rough draft science mini board completed and ready to be graded. I will check over the boards and make suggestions for improvement

Week ending November 14th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): We will go to the media center and students will create their title page, Abstract page and their Easybib works cited page.

Week ending November 21st, 2014 (Thursday & Friday): Student projects are due including the mini board, the word processed research paper in a plastic or folder cover. Students should indicate if they have a desire to go on to the county science fair at this time.

Week ending November 28th, 2014 (Thanksgiving Week) Students will take their boards home and begin working on their big boards for the county fair or finalize their mini board for the school science fair.

Week Ending December 5th, 2014 (Thursday & Friday) Students will give a 3 minute oral presentation in front of the class about their project.

December 10th, 2014 5:30pm to 6:30pm School science fair in Media center. Parents and families are welcome to attend!

Please remember, no class room lunches today!

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

If a wheel has 64 spokes, how many spaces are there between the spokes?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).

Today's Class:

Vocabulary Quiz today!

Today's classes continued their notes on the properties of matter and we began our study of the atom. Advanced students began Picked their element for adoption. Posters will be due on Thursday and Friday of this week. I handed out this study guide: The Atom. It is expected that students will fill it out while we are taking notes so they may study from it.

I also introduced this worksheet: Atomic Basics. Students should do this worksheet for homework and return it to class on Thursday or Friday of this week.

Lecture on Properties of matter using Properties of matter Power Point 1. And Properties of Matter 2. Students should view the power points and write the answers to the questions in presentation 2 into their COWS.

Today's homework:

Atomic Basics (All classes)

The Atom and the Periodic Table.(Advanced classes only)

Watch these two videos on matter.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

Build an Atom

PM Update:

The Adopt an Atom project that was listed in the blog Monday of this week is postponed! We are not to the point in class where we are ready to begin this yet. STAY TUNED!

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 8 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 8 beginning on page 306.

Tuesday October 14th, 2014

Tuesday October 14th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Vocabulary quiz Wednesday!

Beginning tomorrow, October 15th, 2014 I will reserve Wednesday lunches for myself. I enjoy being able to help you, however, I also need some time when I can plan out our lessons and relax.

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Mack White was driving his tractor- trailer under and overpass when suddenly he came to a screeching halt. Mack wasn't paying enough attention and inadvertently drove under the overpass that was just barely as high as his rig. The trailer was wedged so tight that he could not go forward or backward. Luckily for Mack, Professor Quantum came by and told him how he could easily get the tractor trailer out from under the bridge. What did professor quantum suggest?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).

Today's Class:

Today's classes continued their notes on the properties of matter and we began our study of the atom. Advanced students began Picked their element for adoption. Posters will be due on Thursday and Friday of this week. I handed out this study guide: The Atom. It is expected that students will fill it out while we are taking notes so they may study from it.

I also introduced this worksheet: Atomic Basics. Students should do this worksheet for homework and return it to class on Thursday or Friday of this week.

Students should be reviewing our vocabulary nightly. Please use this Quizlet link, to practice and study: Properties of Matter vocabulary

Lecture on Properties of matter using Properties of matter Power Point 1. And Properties of Matter 2. Students should view the power points and write the answers to the questions in presentation 2 into their COWS.

Today's homework:

Atomic Basics (All classes)

The Atom and the Periodic Table.(Advanced classes only)

Watch these two videos on matter.

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Properties of Matter vocabulary

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

PM Update:

The Adopt an Atom project that was listed in the blog Monday of this week is postponed! We are not to the point in class where we are ready to begin this yet. STAY TUNED!

We currently are covering the materials from Chapter 8 in our text book. Students who are out sick or need extra practice should review Chapter 8 beginning on page 306.

Monday October 13th, 2015

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

PARENTS, if your child has a "D " or "F ", I NEED you to please call guidance to schedule a parent teacher conference as soon as possible.

Beginning next Wednesday, October 15th, 2014 I will reserve Wednesday lunches for myself. I enjoy being able to help you, however, I also need some time when I can plan out our lessons and relax.

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Sid Shady asked his wife to accompany him to a war movie being featured that night. During a scene when grenades were exploding and guns were firing, Shady decided the time was right; he pulled out a gun ad shot his wife.He then took her out of the theater without anyone trying to stop him or, in fact, realize there was anything wrong. Why not?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of the Atomic Theory.

History of Atomic Theory (ADV).

Today's Class:

Today's classes continued their notes on the properties of matter and we began our study of the atom. Advanced students began Picked their element for adoption. Posters will be due on Thursday and Friday of this week. I handed out this study guide: The Atom. It is expected that students will fill it out while we are taking notes so they may study from it.

Students should be reviewing our vocabulary nightly. Please use this Quizlet link, to practice and study: Properties of Matter vocabulary

Lecture on Properties of matter using Properties of matter Power Point 1. And Properties of Matter 2. Students should view the power points and write the answers to the questions in presentation 2 into their COWS.

Today's homework:

Watch these two videos on matter.

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Properties of Matter vocabulary

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

PM Update:

Thursday and Friday October 8th & 9th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

PARENTS, if your child has a "D " or "F ", I NEED you to please call guidance to schedule a parent teacher conference as soon as possible.

Beginning next Wednesday, October 15th, 2014 I will reserve Wednesday lunches for myself. I enjoy being able to help you, however, I also need some time when I can plan out our lessons and relax.

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

At 7a.m. a train moving at 90 KPH leaves Montreal heading for Toronto. At 8a.m. a train running at 110 KPH leaves Toronto heading for Montreal. Which train will be closer to Montreal when they meet?

Now Playing During Lunch

History of the Atomic Theory.

Today's Class:

Today's class was given 30 minutes to work on the self- directed worksheet on Precision and accuracy that was assigned yesterday. This is due at the end of the 30 minutes. Students should work independently and can work with ONE partner as long as conversations remain on topic. If you need help, just ask.

We reviewed 5 vocabulary words from our list. Please use this Quizlet link, to practice and study: Properties of Matter vocabulary

I continued my lecture on Properties of matter using Properties of matter Power Point 1. And Properties of Matter 2. Students should view the power points and write the answers to the questions in presentation 2 into their COWS.

Today's homework:

Precision and AccuracyPrecision and Accuracy

Watch these two videos on matter.

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Properties of Matter vocabulary

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

PM Update:

Wednesday October 8th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

Grades for the nine weeks have been calculated and are entered into the grade book. PARENTS, if your child has a "D " or "F ", I NEED you to please call guidance to schedule a parent teacher conference as soon as possible.

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Before Mount Everest was discovered, what was the highest mountain on Earth ( We are only talking about mountains above the ocean, not underwater mountains)

Now Playing During Lunch

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Today's Class:

After analyzing FCA data, I discovered that 80% of my students did not clearly understand precision and accuracy, so I have provided a worksheet for homework and the link is below in the homeowrk section. This will be due on Thursday or Friday this week. (Depending on the day they have me)

Students were also given a list of science vocabulary words for use with this unit. They pasted them into their planners. The quiz will be next week, on Wednesday October 15th, 2014. Please use this Quizlet link, to practice and study: Properties of Matter vocabulary

I started my lecture on Properties of matter using Properties of matter Power Point 1. And Properties of Matter 2. Students should view the power points and write the answers to the questions in presentation 2 into their COWS.

Today's homework:

Precision and AccuracyPrecision and Accuracy

Watch these two videos on matter.

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Properties of Matter vocabulary

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

PM Update:

Tuesday October 7th, 2014

Today's Quote:

Announcements:

If you were absent and got your quiz back yesterday, please turn in your completely corrected tests for 10 points more. (TODAY ONLY)

Today's Lateral Thinking question:

Professor Bumble, who is getting on in years, is growing absent minded. On the way to a lecture one day, he went through a red light and turned down a one way street in the wrong direction. A policeman observed the entire scene but did nothing about it. How could Professor Bumble get away with such behavior?

Now Playing During Lunch

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Today's Class:

Yesterday's class pinpointed defined and pinpointed some global issues they thought were important. Today we will have our discussion where students must choose a point of view using a human bar graph to determine where they are on the issue.

Today's homework:

Watch these two videos on matter.

Properties boyfriend rap.

Bozeman Science Properties of Matter.

Properties of Matter vocabulary

Free Resource!

Cool Website Alert

PM Update:

Our discussions today were fantastic. Students were, for the most art engaged and on task and respectful to each other. Students recognized that sometimes the global issue we want to discuss are actually an entirely different issue under the surface. For example, we spoke about world hunger and quickly realized that world hunger is, in reality world poverty. We then explored the statistical data about poverty in America and the rest of the world and talked about solutions we might use to help alleviate this problem.